10 Biggest Beetle Families in North America

Copy and Paste - 1925 Words

Question: Discuss if the EPA. (European Partnership Agreement) is good or bad for Jamaica. Be it resolved that the European Partnership Agreement is good for Jamaica. According to Ian McDonald in a statement he made in the Gleaner dated April 23, 1997, â€Å"I cannot understand why those who governs poor countries like ours, and those who are influential in them, seem to accept so easily the free trade cult†. This is how he regards the EPA. However, before I seek to clarify and support my stance as it relates to the European Partnership Agreement, it is critical that two key terms put forward in the moot be defined. â€Å"Good† According to the Collins Oxford Dictionary; is of high quality or standard either on the absolute†¦show more content†¦I believe we should cease making speech after speech accepting that our fate, and the fate of the world, will inevitably be decided by the operation of impersonal, uncontrolled market forces and the sooner we accept this the better off we will be. Let us examine the matter form an even more logical point of view. According to the Gleaner dated Wednesday September 10, 2008 in the business section, The European Union represents a market of 490 million people, but critics of the agreement say that regional businesses are too small to adequately exploit such large markets, and that those companies that are able to compete will likely be overtaken targets by larger European Cooperation. No wonder why some islands demanded more time before deciding to sign this high stalk gamble which some hypocrites see as a different way of trading with the world. More over one of the most worrisome provisions is the most favourable Nation or (MFN) clause; which is really a legal binding between Caribbean and other pacific countries to extend to the European Commission a line by line basis, any treatment negotiated with third parties. Caribbean countries fear that this will be exploited later by other free trade partners demanding similar concessions to those afforded Europe on market access (The Gleaner September 10, 2008). Let us free it; it seems that Jamaica has a problem with free trade. The idea behind free trade is anShow MoreRelatedCopy and Paste1613 Words   |  7 PagesPERHAPS IT WEIGHS only 2 ounces overall. Large ones may run to 4 ounces. But when that badge is pinned on, there is a weight unknown to most law enforcement officers. The true weight of the badge is not overcome by muscle, not found in the gym, not measured on a scale. This weight requires a strength and conditioning for which few officers are trained. The badge is not just pinned on a chest, it is pinned on a lifestyle. The heaviness of the badge makes the law enforcement officer different fromRead MoreSimply Copy Paste610 Words   |  3 Pagess and record the time of the call if the maintenance person is busy. Past experiences at other complexes has shown that during the week when most occupants are ... Statewide Development Corporation Simulation Free Essays 1 - 20 www.studymode.com/.../statewide-development-corporation-simulation-...‎ Free Essays on Statewide Development Corporation Simulation for students. ... Case background: Statewide Development Corporation has built a very large apartment complex in Gainesville, Florida. ..Read MoreOutline Of A Copy And Paste The Text Into A Document1306 Words   |  6 Pages Mrs. Cammarano English 2 Outline Graphic Organizer Complete the following outline in complete sentences. Copy and paste the text into a document, or create a document of your own with the same information. Your Writing Prompt Based on your research, identify and analyze a human rights issue in your novel and show how it relates to real-life issues and affects people within the United States and one other country. I. Introduction A. Hook The six children, all named after their grandparents kneeledRead MoreDevry Comp 129 Week 3 Quiz - Latest Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesMultiple Choice 10 10 Grade Details - All Questions Question 1. Question : (TCO 4) What Windows option(s) would be used to move a file from one folder to another one? Student Answer: Move Cut and Paste Copy and Paste Copy and Paste Special Instructor Explanation: Schmidt, Chapter 11 Points Received: 4 of 4 Comments: Question 2. Question : (TCO 4) Describe an easy way to tell if an icon is a shortcut. Student Answer: Read MoreInstructions1753 Words   |  8 Pagesyou are specifically instructed. You must copy in the material requested.) However, I do expect there may be some discrepancies in what you are able to find. Do your best to find information that matches the instructions. If there are differences, find the closest match you can. For example, if you cannot find information for each of 3 consecutive years as discussed below, but there is information at some other interval – perhaps every 3 or 5 years, copy in 3 intervals worth. In addition, ifRead MoreDevry Comp 129 Week 3 Quiz - Latest601 Words   |  3 PagesMultiple Choice 10 10 Grade Details - All Questions Question 1. Question : (TCO 4) What Windows option(s) would be used to move a file from one folder to another one? Student Answer: Move Cut and Paste Copy and Paste Copy and Paste Special Instructor Explanation: Schmidt, Chapter 11 Points Received: 4 of 4 Comments: Question 2. Question : (TCO 4) Describe an easy way to tell if an icon is a shortcut. Student Answer: IfRead MoreCopy And Paste Programming : The Production Of Highly Repetitive Computer Programming Code1470 Words   |  6 PagesCopy-and-paste programming is the production of highly repetitive computer programming code, as produced by copy and paste operations. It is primarily a pejorative term; those who use the term are often implying a lack of programming competence. It may also be the result of technology limitations (e.g., an insufficiently expressive development environment) as subroutines or libraries would normally be used instead. However, there are occasions when copy and paste programming is considered acceptableRead MoreUsing a Plagiarism Checker716 Words   |  3 Pageschecker, please copy and paste your content in the box below, and then click on the big green button that says â€Å"Check for plagiarism!† then sit back and watch as your article is scanned for duplicated content. To use this plagiarism checker, please copy and paste your co ntent in the box below, and then click on the big green button that says â€Å"Check for plagiarism!† then sit back and watch as your article is scanned for duplicated content.To use this plagiarism checker, please copy and paste your contentRead MorePatient and Hybrid Record Essay659 Words   |  3 Pagesis the potential impact of the copy/paste functionality on the integrity of the data and information contained in an EHR? The copy/paste function opens the possibility for fraud, medical error and risk for malpractice claims. Fraud could occur when a copy/paste function is used and than an insurance company is billed for the procedure/services 2 or 3 times. When in reality the procedure/service was only completed once. Medical error can occur with the copy/paste function, when a nurse readsRead MorePsych 625 Week 1 Individual Assignment – Time to Practice (Parts a, B, C)1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/psych-625-week-1-individual-assignment-time-to-practice-parts-abc/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) PSYCH 625 Week 1 Individual Assignment – Time to Practice (Parts A,B,C) Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth Free Essays

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded In Truth Has anyone ever said that ‘unicorns exist in real life and that they have seen them’? Or that they ‘felt hot while it was snowing’? Or that ‘cats can bark like dogs’? Clearly there is no truth to these statements. This is simply because unicorns do not exist in real life, you cannot feel hot if it is snowing, and that cats simply cannot bark like dogs. Life cannot exist without water, what goes up must come down, and similarly any statement which is accepted by thousands of other people must have some hint of truth to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Kanazawa says â€Å"Many stereotypes are empirical generalizations with a statistical basis and thus on average tends to be true. If they are not true, they would not be stereotypes† (â€Å"The Scientific Fundamentalist†). Although some people argue that stereotypes are just over generalizations, and that people use them to perceive the stereotyped groups’ characteristics, most stereotypes are true as what is generally accepted in society must be somehow grounded in reality. Moreover, many stereotypes have been proven by science, and conducted psychological studies such as stereotype threat. People who believe that stereotypes are false, argue that stereotypes are just over generalizations. They argue that stereotypes represent just a small minority of the group being stereotyped against. They give the example of the stereotype that â€Å"all blondes are dumb. † And state that while some blondes may be dumb, not all of them are, in fact many are quite smart. They say that one’s hair color has no effect on ones intellectual capability. While this may be true for some of the stereotypes, many of the stereotypes actually represent the majority of the group being stereotyped. For example the stereotype that ‘college educated people have bigger incomes than those who have only completed high school’ is a valid assessment. Yes, this might be true in some cases. But as proven by the â€Å"The College Payoff† a report published by the Georgetown University, while there might be a small handful of people who are only high school educated and who earn more than many of the college educated people, still most of the college educated people have a higher salary then high school educated people (Carnevale, Rose, and cheah â€Å"the college payoff†). So although there may be some stereotypes that are false or depict over generalization, most of the stereotypes in fact are based on assessments and actions of the majority of the group being stereotyped. Furthermore, people who argue that stereotypes are false state that people continue to cling on to stereotypes because it is quick and comfortable. It allows people to think they are gathering information about other people, without having to stop and actually spend time understanding the person or groups true personality. They claim that because of this many of the people or groups are misunderstood. However, what these people do not realize is that many of these stereotypes quite rightly show some of the traits of the group or individual being stereotyped. An example is the stereotype, ‘Jews are adept money handlers’. The fact is that this stereotype is true to quite a great extent. According to ‘The Weakonomics’, â€Å"you see an overwhelming representation of Jewish people within industries that revolve around the exchange of money†¦ Not only have they dominated finance†¦ † (â€Å"Why Do We Associate Jews with Money? †). While some of the Jews are either lawyers or doctors, most of them are in a field related to finance such as banking. In fact most of the people in top positions related to finance are Jews like the treasurer of the United States, and the Secretary of the Treasury. In fact most of the people running the American Treasury happen to be Jewish. Another example is the stereotype that Asians are smart and studious. Some people say Asians are smart because they are taught differently in their home country, others claim that Asians are smart because they are very studious, and still others say that Asians are studious because they feel academically at a loss when they come to foreign places to study and to compensate study harder. Whatever may be the reason, the truth remains that Asians are smarter and more studious than most of people. Thus, while some stereotypes might contain some discrepancies, most of the stereotypes show the truth about the group being stereotyped. Stereotypes do not just come out of thin air; they were based on actual observations of people or their actions. An event must have occurred to have that formed these stereotypes. For example according to Meltzoff, Cvencek and Greenwald, the stereotype that boys are better in math then girls forms almost as early as second grade when boys start to associate with math and start doing better than girls in the subject (766-799). In fact all of the stereotypes have evolved from an origin. The stereotype that ‘blacks are good at sports’ came about because in almost every sport there is a black athlete who dominates the others. As sports sociologist Ben Carrington points out, at the beginning of the 20th century, whites were considered to be superior to blacks intellectually, aesthetically and even physically. However by the 1930s, this logic began to change as blacks started to be viewed as physically superior to whites in matters related to sports (Interview of Carrington, University of Texas). Another example is the stereotype that ‘Italian men are very romantic’. This stereotype exists because of the Italians’ constant flirting with girls and their traditions which involve kissing a girl on her hand as a greeting. As Megalio says, Italian men â€Å"tell you that you’re beautiful and really mean it, feed you to show their affection, cry rarely but genuinely and work hard in honor of the woman they love† (â€Å"Why Women Can’t Get Enough of Them†). Another example is the stereotype that ‘Italian men have an unhealthy obsession with their mothers. ‘ According to Pike and Allen; married or not, one in three Italian men sees his mother every day (The Guardian). Thus, stereotypes are formed based on history and statistics, but in order to survive they must be regularly reinforced. While there might be some stereotypes that do not apply to the majority of the group being stereotyped against, or are exaggerated truths, many of the stereotypes have in fact been proven by science. For example, according to Susan, quite a lot of gender stereotypes have been proven to be true by science (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†). These stereotypes include ‘Women Love to Talk’ and ‘men are comparatively color blind’. As per the stereotype women love to talk, Susan talks about how the areas of the brain responsible for language are larger in women than men, and how the female brain processes language in both hemispheres of the brain (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†). Moreover, regarding the stereotype ‘men are comparatively color blind’, Susan talks about how the gene for seeing red is carried by the X-chromosome, and men have one X-chromosome while women have two, which puts men at a disadvantage at seeing the color spectrum (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†). Another example is the stereotype that black people can’t swim. In the first of its kind survey by USA swimming, it found that nearly 60% of black children have not been given aquatic training. (Quoted. in msnbc). Therefore, as we can see from the examples given, many stereotypes have actually been proven by science to be true and are hence more than just exaggerated truths. Lastly, another way in which stereotypes are true is the fact that they actually reinforce stereotypical behavior. This phenomenon is known as stereotype threat, whereby an individual is constantly exposed to negative images of his/her racial or ethnic group, this person starts to accept the same social and personal characteristics of these images as self characteristic. In fact psychologists, Steve and Aronson, conducted several experiments in which they proved that the phenomenon of stereotype threat does exist. When female participants were primed before a test of not being as smart as their male counterparts, their scores were significantly lower as compared to when the women were led to believe the tests did not reflect these stereotypes(â€Å"A threat in the air† 613-629). The same experiment was run again using African-Americans and Americans with the same results (â€Å"Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance† 797-811). Thus proving that the person acts like the way he/she was stereotyped to be. Stereotypes might be flattering or insulting. They might have positive effects or negative ones. But at the end of the day the fact remains that most of the stereotypes are true because they are grounded in actual observations of people, they have been proven by science, and because of the concept of stereotype threat. As David Cronenberg says â€Å"All stereotypes turn out to be true. This is a horrifying thing about life. All those things you fought against as a youth: you begin to realize they’re stereotypes because they’re true. † Therefore, just as smoke cannot exist without fire, stereotypes cannot exist without truth. Works Cited Kanazawa, Satoshi. â€Å"The Scientific Fundamentalist. † Psychology Today. 24 April 2008. Web. 12th March 2012 ;http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-scientific-fundamentalist/200804/all-stereotypes-are-true-except-i-what-are-stereotypes;. Carnevale, Anthony P.. Rose, Stephen J.. Cheah, Ban. â€Å"The College Payoff†. Georgetown University Center for Education and the Workforce. 5th August 2011. Print. ; http://cew. georgetown. edu/collegepayoff/; â€Å"Why Do We Associate Jews With Money? † The Weakonomics. 27th July 2009. Web. 12th march 2012 ; http://weakonomics. om/2009/07/27/why-do-we-associate-jews-with-money/ ; Cvencek, D. , Meltzoff, A. N. and Greenwald, A. G. (2011), â€Å"Math–Gender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children Child Development†, 82: 766–779. ;http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2010. 01529. x/abstract; Blacks, Sports and Lingering Racial Stereotypes: A Q;A with Sports Sociolog ist Ben Carrington. Interview by University of Texas. 25th August 2010. Web. 12th march 2012. ;http://www. utexas. edu/opa/blogs/shelflife/2010/08/25/blacks-sports-and-lingering-racial-stereotypes-a-qa-with-sports-sociologist-ben-carrington/; Meglio, Francesca Di, â€Å"Italian Men: Why Women Can’t Get Enough of Them†?. Our Paesani. Web. 12th march 2012. http://italiansrus. com/articles/ourpaesani/italianmen. htm Pike, Rebecca; Allen, Carmel. â€Å"Mamma mia†. The Guardian. 14th May 2002. Web. 12th March 2012. http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2002/may/14/gender. uk H. Susan. â€Å"6 Absurd Gender Stereotypes (That Science Says Are True)†. 10th May 2010. Web. 12th March 2012. http://www. cracked. com/article_18529_6-absurd-gender-stereotypes-that-science-says-are-true_p2. html â€Å"Nearly 60 percent of black children can’t swim†. Associated Press. Msnbc. 5th January 2008. Web. March 12th 2012. ;http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/24411271/ns/health-childrens_health/t/nearly-percent-black-children-cant-swim/#. T2CsyBHxrNl; Steele, C. M. â€Å"A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance†. American Psychologist. 1997. Print. 52, 613-629. Steele, C. M. , and Aronson, J. â€Å"Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans†. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Print. 69, 797-811. Cronenberg, David. Brainy Quote. Web. How to cite Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth, Essay examples

Rabbit Proof Fence Comparison Between Movie and Book free essay sample

Rabbit Proof Fence has been published both as a book and as a movie. Being a reader or a viewer entirely changes our point of view on the story. As a reader, we get descriptive insight on the situations and emotions of the characters. We are then able to re-create these visually using our imagination and have endless freedom doing so. As a viewer, our creativity is somewhat restricted. We do not imagine the characters’ physical appearance, the locations or the overall situations in the same way as in a book. These elements are already given to us. Throughout this essay I will be exploring how the music and the filming creates a contrast between reading the book with elaborate descriptions. Emotions are felt entirely differently from reading the book to watching the movie. From a personal point of view, I felt much more touched by the movie. Having less dialogue and descriptions in my point of view enables a person to really feel as if they are a part of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Rabbit Proof Fence Comparison Between Movie and Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Music in a movie plays a crucial role. In Rabbit Proof Fence, most of the time, the music consists of melancholic music; often, a heavy and deep drumbeat is heard. When the girls are taken away from their families, A scene that differs greatly from the book to the movie on hitting our emotions was when the girls are taken away from their families. In the movie, this scene is extremely dramatic. We get a film-shot back and forth of the girls leaving with their expressive faces, as well as the mothers crying and moaning, falling on the floor out of desperation and exasperation. Visually we see the girls being taken away, slowly getting increasingly further away. This makes it extremely emotional and expressive for the viewer. In the book, the expressions of the little girls are described as â€Å"†¦tears streaming down their cheeks† (44) and â€Å"The two frightened and miserable girls began to cry, silently at first, then uncontrollably†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (45). Although when reading this we get a reasonably clear image in our minds, I personally did not find it as affective as the movie. The description for the adult’s emotions were slightly more graphic and poignant, yet still did not have a strong emotional impact on me: â€Å"The cries of the agonised mothers and the women, and the deep sobs of grandfathers, uncles and cousins filled the air† (44-45), and â€Å"†¦their grief made worse by the lamentations of their loved ones and the visions of them sitting on the ground in their camp letting their tears mix with the red blood that flowed from the cuts on their heads. Another scene in the movie shows the three girls walking down the river, whilst they are escaping. The tracker is on his horse, also making his way down the river, looking for them. Because of the way this scene is filmed, it is hard to realise the distance and amount of time separating them. This is purposely done in order to create tension in the viewer and put an emphasis on the consequences of the girls being caught. We do not know how far they are from each other because of th e scenery being almost identical. He is following their footsteps through the river surrounded by the forest, with all the trees and foliage being practically the same. The notion of time and space is utterly different from in the book. In the book we do not get an impression of him being so close. In the book, we do not have this â€Å"back and forth† description of the girls and the tracker, and their progress. We simply have an account of the difficulties of the girls getting through the â€Å"flooded river area† (82), that is much less dramatic than in the movie. Even after achieving that step of the escape, the girl’s state is only described as being â€Å"Molly was pleased that the mud and slush and the swamp paperbarks were behind them† (85). What is interesting to note with the notion of time, space and distance is the fact that what appears to be a long period of time due to vivid descriptions in the book, can in fact only be a few seconds in the movie. The opposite also happens, this of course depends on the decisions of the producers on what events they want to put an accent on. I believe that the music also creates a strong impact, as it is very intense, deep and striking throughout the movie. Nevertheless, at the end when Molly and Daisy see their families again, the music is blissful, yet dramatic, to emphasise the deep down satisfaction they all are feeling. Furthermore the way this last scene is filmed I found brilliant. The girls are filmed from a wide perspective, running towards their families in slow motion. The slow motion stresses the importance of a moment in time. It enables the viewer to have the time to try to feel as if they are a part of the movie and the occurring scene. Additionally, in this scene, the girls are portrayed as silhouettes. Silhouettes generate a dramatic effect. Usually they can be seen as being romantic; in this case it is to represent the love in the family being an important thriving point. In the book the reunite is no way near as emotionally stirring, and is entirely different. There is no recollection of this intense moment. As it is in my opinion a crucial moment in the story fter a build-up of so many events, I feel it is a great shame that it has not been exposed better. Molly sees an eagle soaring in the sky. In the book, it Molly’s mother tells her this will be her â€Å"guardian† and her guide. In the movie, the protagonist simply says softly: â€Å"home†. Just by this word, and by the way that the eagle is filmed from below, as if we are seeing through her eyes, we can understand that the eagle is representing a symbol of hope, spirit, and freedom to her and Gracie. I found this to be one of the most salient parts of the movie, and yet again did not find it as stirring in the book. The epilogue of the movie was fantastic. After the families have been reunited, we simply have a scene where the camera slowly moves, showing us the Australian landscape. This is a beautiful moment filmed from above, with some voice over recollecting the difficulties of the journey. This is a very effective story telling device. I found this to be more engaging than the way the book ends. The last chapter is called â€Å"What happened to them? Where are they now? † (131). This gives an account of the girls lives, when they have become adult. These, in my opinion, are written in a very dull way, using subtitles for each of the characters, followed by the description. The end of the book does not end with anything more engaging; it simply ends with the description of â€Å"Daisy Kadibil† (132): â€Å"†¦This book may not have been written had it not been for her skill and love or storytelling, her vivid memory and her zest for life. Daisy now lives with her son and daughters and their families at Jigalong† (133). It does not give the reader an opportunity to emotionally attach him/herself to the reading. To conclude, I found the movie much more captivating than the book. The music and way the movie is filmed change a lot for me from an emotional point of view. I find it much more engaging. What is extremely elaborate in the book can be portrayed in the movie much more effectively in a more concise way, which makes it more engaging. The notion of time and distance, use of slow motion, silhouettes, and the music make us able to emotionally connect to the characters and really feel what they are going through. Personally, I was not able to connect this way whilst reading the book.

Seven Deadly Sins and Play Everyman free essay sample

In the play Everyman, death is personified and treated as an agent of God that goes to visit the plays protagonist, Everyman. Everyman, like other morality plays, seeks to present a religious lesson through allegorical figures representing abstract characteristics. The play centers on the life of Everyman, a wealthy man in his prime who is suddenly called by Death to appear before God for judgment. On his journey to meet God, he seeks assistance from lifelong companions Fellowship (friends), Kindred and Cousin (family), and Goods (material wealth), but all abandon him because he has neglected them in life, Good-Deeds is too weak to accompany Everyman on his journey. She advises him to call on Knowledge (awareness of sin). Knowledge escorts Everyman to Confession, who directs him to do penance. In the process of Everymans penance, Good-Deeds is strengthened and is finally able to accompany Everyman to his final reckoning. Everyman, now wearing the garment of Contrition, continues his journey—until now a quest for spiritual health, but increasingly showing the qualities of a pilgrimage—to salvation. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Deadly Sins and Play Everyman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyman, Knowledge, and Good-Deeds are joined on the journey by Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits (the senses). After donating his wealth to charity, Everyman follows the advice of Knowledge and Five Wits and receives the sacraments of Communion and Extreme Unction. Meanwhile, Knowledge and Five Wits converse on the subject of corrupt priests in the church. Approaching his grave, Everyman is again deserted by all his companions except Knowledge and Good-Deeds. As the story closes, Knowledge remains behind as Everyman and Good-Deeds together descend into the grave. The themes in Everyman are strongly reflected in the allegorical characters which populate the work. The work teaches ethical and religious lessons about how to please God and how to treat humanity. The work has been seen by some critics as a dramatic treatment of the medieval Catholic church doctrine of â€Å"Holy Dying,† whereby a person forsakes earthly attachments and prepares his or her soul for salvation, but episodes such as the discussion between Knowledge and Five Wits on corrupt priests suggest the influence of the Protestant reform movement as well. The testing of Everymans companions, all of whom fail except for Good-Deeds, reflects the medieval belief that friends must prove themselves before they can be accepted as true. Good-Deedss loyalty additionally points to the Christian notion of friendship as a gift from God. Thus, this figure represents not only Everymans own positive and good actions but Gods blessing as well. Everyman is a very interesting play, that shows how every single person has the responsibility to do good things during his life, and then at his death, God will judge him for all his sins he make during his live. The purpose of this essay is to show that God has a purpose for all of us and we can choose whether accept his purpose or no. The story begins when God was thinking that everyman had made a lot of sins so He sent Death to take to Everyman the message that he must go on a long journey; that he must prepare to make his accounting before God. But everyman denied to leave earth, he says that he is not ready and asks for more time also, offers to the Death one thousand pounds if he forgive him but Death refuses saying that all riches in the world would be his if he did that type of illegal business. Moreover, Everyman next request was if he will be allowed to return after he has give his account to God but he guarantee him that the place he is going to there is no way to return but at least he can find someone to join him on the journey that is very difficult. First, he found fellowship; he says that he will do anything for Everyman even to paid a wrong done by him at the risk of his own life, but when Everyman invites Fellowship to join him in the journey of Death, Fellowship quickly declines and rapidly go away. Then Everyman decides that blood unions might make stronger companions, so he approaches Kindred. At the beginning seems that Kindred will accompany Everyman. But when Kindred knows of the destination. He declines. Everyman is feeling lonely. Moreover, Everyman looks for Goods but he cannot help him too, no one of his â€Å"friends† help him so he thought that he choose wrong his friends. At last he recalls his Good Deeds and Good Deeds suggests that Knowledge can be of help, then Knowledge takes Everyman to visit Confession, because if Everyman learned that knowledge of his sins, he can find salvation. More after Everyman add new companions to go with him. Discretion, Beauty, Strength, and the Five Wits. At the end, Everyman receives last rites from a priest and prepares to meet Death. The audience reminded that the priest is God’s representative. As the journey continues, all his companions had leaved him. Beauty is the first, because beauty fades quickly as man get close to death. The next to leave is Strength. Next Discretion leaves, and then Five Wits abandons Everyman and at last only Knowledge and Good Deeds remain by his side. Good Deeds accompanies him to the Heaven to plead his cause before his Maker, and Knowledge, remaining behind, hears the joyful songs of the angels. In conclusion, this morality play shows that no one escapes from God`s will. We must be the kind of person that changes all bad things in our world. And always be thanked to God and in simple words do good things in life. Everyman is a very interesting play, that shows how every single person has the responsibility to do good things during his live, and then at his death, God will judge him for all his sins he make during his live. The purpose of this essay is to show that God has a purpose for all of us and we can choose whether accept his purpose or no. At the end, Everyman receives last rites from a priest and prepares to meet Death. The audience reminded that the priest is God’s representative. As the journey continues, all his companions had leaved him. Beauty is the first, because beauty fades quickly as man get close to death. The next to leaved is Strength. Next Discretion leaves, and then Five Wits abandons Everyman and at last only Knowledge and Good Deeds remain by his side. Good Deeds accompanies him to the Heaven to plead his cause before his Maker, and Knowledge, remaining behind, hears the joyful songs of the angels. In conclusion, this morality play shows that no one escapes from God`s will. We must be the kind of person that changes all bad things in our world. And always be thanked to God and in simple words do good things in life. Other things to note are: 1. that God dominates the first half of the play 2. that the Wheel of Fortune assists in the descent-ascent pattern 3. that Everyman initially relies on his earthly supports to assist him on his journey; at this point he is damned 4. that the motifs of prayer, preoccupation with time, and personal suffering appear in both halves of the play. 5. that the Seven Deadly Sins, although not overtly present in the play, are central to Everymans dilemma, especially Avarice and Pride. 6. that the play has a number of thematic references to Christs Passion 7. that the play finally teaches mans redemption is only through Christ. In addition, various structural patterns for the play have been advanced. On the one hand, some have argued for a four part structural scheme: 1) the fruitless conflict with death, 2) the failure to find a companion, 3) the change from despair to joy through the arrival of worthy companions, and 4) the new complication arising from the desertion by the worthy companions. On the other hand, others argue for a three part scheme focusing on various climaxes as Everyman is abandoned by various groups of companions. However, the negative prologue of the Messenger and the positive epilogue of the Doctor clearly distinguish a two part structure. One movement, a falling action, occupies approximately the first half of the play; it traces Everymans decline in fortune from Deaths entrance, which shatters the apparent serenity of his life, to the depth of his despair, where he can foresee only eternal damnation. The second movement, a rising action, carries him from this nadir to his final salvation, symbolized by the words of the welcoming Angel. Detailed analysis reveals this two part, descent-ascent structural pattern as the basic principle of the plays organization

How does Willmore woo the prostitute Angellica Essays

How does Willmore woo the prostitute Angellica Essays How does Willmore woo the prostitute Angellica Essay How does Willmore woo the prostitute Angellica Essay Ultimately, through his cunning speeches which utilities reoccur words and phrases, we are able to see how Angelica is compelled into agreeing to have sex with him for free. Willpower is very sneaky, almost Machiavellian in the ways he chooses to persuade Angelica to sleep with him. He exploits her beauty to try to make her understand that she doesnt need to demand money from men. His view is that she is beautiful enough without having to prostitute her gorgeousness for material gain. He describes her as this Heaven of Beauty (183). Thus by relating her to a Goddess, as something that is out of this world, he is deliberately manipulating her through being charming and through appealing to the consciousness of her female beauty. By this I mean that Willpower knows that women like to be called beautiful. By engaging her in this way, he can cunningly manipulate her through arguing that the money she demands does not equate to, or parallel her beauty. Hence, this demand, in effect, is unnecessary and derogatory to her person. He further utilizes her beauty to encourage Angelica that because of her attractiveness she should raise her standards. She should demand more from men in terms of affection, rather than lust, because she deserves better Han they give. Willpower states, [l am] one that scorns this baseness which you practice (185) demonstrating that prostituting herself is the lowest of the low, and somebody of such beauty does not deserve to practice such obscenities. He argues that she lowers herself unnecessarily for money when having sex with him for free would significantly increase her status as a woman. Willpower cleverly Juxtaposes this image of Angelica stooping to low standards with the image of himself being a gentleman (185). He portrays himself as the righteous moral man by saying, l would to sell myself, no, not to gain your charming high-prized person (185). Essentially he is saying that what she does is wrong and immoral because she is giving up who she really is for money which is an act of such baseness. His use of a double negative in no, not enhances his rhetoric by emphasizing his dismay at her practices. Through this Juxtaposition he is consciously persuading Angelica to be a proper women and not charge him to have sex with her. His argument is that money and love should not go hand and hand. Therefore Angelica should not set such price on sin (184) cause such actions demoralize the act of sex in love to a lustful and immoral procedure that no longer revolves around care and affection. Willpowers rhetoric compels Angelica to feel guilt about charging him extortionate money for sex. He uses the idea of love to show that putting a high price on something that should be which is loves due is meanly bartered for (184). This concept of love is something that Angelica has never felt before. Willpower brings it into the context of their relationship by subtlety interchanging the words love for lust in his own mind, while insinuating only the love part toward Angelica. By this I mean that, he is being smart and using specific words, which to him mean one thing (when he says love he means lust), yet to Angelica means another (love means love to her). In essence, Willpower is purposefully deceiving Angelica into a false sense of security by manipulating his diction to suit himself and to fool the woman. The feeling of guilt that he conjures within her continues throughout his speeches in Act II Scene 2 where he charms Angelica and expresses her beauty to the extent that he will sleep with her despite is obvious lack of money. He states, miss I am poor And yet I would at any rate enjoy you (185). These two statements show Angelica duping Willpower out of his money, but because of her beauty, he cannot say no. He acts as the giving gentleman who would give anything to be with her, no matter the cost. The overall image he gives of himself is one where he gives in to her splendor. However, he does this in a manipulative sense, by structuring his rhetoric in a persuasive way in which he knows his play on words will guilt Angelica into feeling like she is cheating him by harming and consequently will urge her in the direction of free sex. The forceful phrases and words he uses during his main speech on page 185 persuade and influence Angelica into having sex with him for free. Willpower says, meet such a slave I am to love and beauty / this last reserve Ill sacrifice to enjoy you (185). His rhetoric is intelligent because by using words such as slave and sacrifice we see Willpower able to get inside the head of Angelica so that she can visualize exactly what he is giving up for her. He is appealing to her as a woman by making himself inferior to ere. In him doing this, he is revealing a role reversal whereby traditionally it was the women who slave and sacrifice for men. They live in a patriarchal society, yet Willpower makes himself seem vulnerable to her ways. Now clearly he is not giving anything up, he is simply manipulating her because he has the persuasive rhetoric and the male-controlled society to be able to do so. The use of the word sacrifice creates such a bold image in Angelicas mind that she believes it would be wrong of her to ask him to give up so much Just for sex. We see her change of heart in the allowing statement that reads, His words go through me to the very soul (185). Willpower also says, And soon will cure those wounds your eyes have made (185) which is a statement that enhances the mental and physical lengths to which he is going to Just to sleep with her. By reaching out so far into domains of such rhetoric, in creating a vivid image for her to envisage, Angelica is overwhelmed by Willpowers descriptions of self-sacrifice and devotion that her feeling of guilt is heightened and ultimately, she is forced into free consensual sex. Willpower uses the strategy n his rhetoric of grouping together all women. He uses women as a whole to refer to them as soft deluding hypocrites and then goes on to say, That Vive no faith left for the cozening sex; especially for women of your trade (187). His use of the word cozening implies his view of Angelica as we have seen in this scene, but at the same time, it is subtly asking her to prove his view wrong. By grouping Angelica into this mass, he is delicately, yet purposefully asking her to prove that she is different individualizing Angelica because she is better than a prostitute, better than these hypocrites and thus he is trying to manipulate and deceive her into having sex with him for free through flattery. By referring to the female group as a whole, he is implicitly asking Angelica to stand out, to go against the norm of the prostituting world because she is better than others and doesnt need to charge money. Para Bens depiction of the relationship between Willpower and Angelica encourages the reader to side with Angelica and to value her point of view because of the deceitful ways of Willpower. Angelica is a woman trying to make a living, reaps in a dubious and degrading manner, yet ultimately still trying to prosper in a patriarchal and misogynistic society. She is degraded by men of all wealths because of the profession she is in, but ironically it is these men who have forced her to follow such paths with their conventional and oppressive traditions. We see such traditions in Willpowers treatment of Angelica because the only way she is able to make a living is to sleep with men, but Willpower cheats her out of even this by making her seem like she is worth so much more than she is giving off. He uses the concept of love to appeal to her heart, but secretly all he is referring to is the concept of lust for his own benefit. He exploits her beauty because he knows his words will personally affect Angelica through the way she grows to feel about him. This is demonstrated in her statement, The pay, I mean, is but thy love for mine (187). Her change of heart toward him has occurred due to his manipulation of her into believing that she does not have to charge money for sex because she is above such morals. It is the cunning and persuasive rhetoric that Willpower employs upon Angelica that disables any rot of power she may have in the patriarchal society because he guilts her into believing that her actions are immoral, while ironically he is the one being immoral. Willpowers deceitful and devious language entices Angelica into a false sense of security by believing that Willpower truly cares for her. He manipulates and exploits her female beauty by continually telling her that she deserves better, that she is too beautiful to charge money for her sexual services. His rhetoric induces a feeling of guilt within Angelica because he makes her feel like she is tricking a poor man of all is money Just for sex. He creates this image in her head that such an act of love is something that she reduces down to a base level which disgusts him and he persuades her to change this. His careful and concise choosing of words persuade Angelica into having sex with him for free because they now love one another, and love is something that cannot be bought as portrayed by Willpowers language. This is the principal Willpower cunningly forces Angelica into believing while he uses it as a way to con and to exploit the beautiful female through his manipulative rhetoric.

How would you define quality in healthcare If you had to explain the Essay

How would you define quality in healthcare If you had to explain the importance of safety and quality reports to someone outside of healthcare, how would you do this - Essay Example As a result of quality healthcare, the staff can get a good working environment. Such an environment can include good administration and management, right and standard equipments, and good working schedules (Altman, 1996). Safety and quality reports ensure that the information contained in them is accurate. It ensures that privacy is maintained at all cost. Security of the information ensures that no unauthorized persons can get access to it. It encourages transparency since the information will be recorded accordingly, and no alterations will be made (Ginzbery, 1991). There is also easy access to the information. To be able to explain to the public about how safety and quality of reports is important, I would organize forums and workshops with healthcare experts, and allow them to teach people, and let them share information to their patients and the public. Use of media such as talk shows, writing articles, or use of charts with diagrams and explanations can also be helpful (Altman, 1996). With this entire framework being put in place, the public will be able to appreciate the importance of quality services not only to the healthcare sector, but in other sectors, as well. It will lead to effectiveness, efficiency, good customer care, and professional staff in the nursing environment (Ginzbery,

Practicum nursing service administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Practicum nursing service administration - Essay Example ANA is a professional organization that represents interest of registered nurses in the US. The standards of professional performance by ANA describes the behavioral competency in the role of the profession in activities that commensurate with quality while providing care; education; and appraisal of performance among many others. It has its constituents that such as state nurses association and other affiliate organizations that aid in its practices. It promotes nursing profession by advocating for high level or standard practices in nursing; ensuring that the rights of nurses are catered for at the work place; and liaising with regulatory agencies and as well as the congress on issues concerning healthcare that affect the public and nurses. Nurses have an obligation to integrate ethical conducts in the different facets of their practices. There are ethical codes that guide these practices such as interpretive statements for nurses. Furthermore, the nurses in the profession have a m andate not only to establish and maintain professional therapeutic and patients and nurse relationship but also discharge health care in such a way that the patient’s dignity, autonomy and rights are upheld. They are also required to make ethical decisions while at work; report cases that are incompetent and illegal; and maintain and ensure patients on confidentiality within the boundaries of regulations and legal requirements. The sole commitment of a nurse is the patient irrespective of individuals or groups of individuals. It is a nurse responsibility to be accountable for nursing practices and evaluate ideal and correct task delegation mechanisms that are consistent with their duties to provide maximum care for the patients (ANA, 2010). The codes of ethics also stipulate that nurses have self obligations or duties which entail having the responsibility of upholding integrity and preserving safety; and

See attachments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See attachments - Assignment Example Study 2 on the other hand measures the level of up to how long it will take for drivers to leave if the level of intrusion and status of intruder will have to be manipulated. Study 3 documents the specific responses of individuals who parked at a mall would react to intruders. It is therefore clear that the research question that these three studies addressed is relevant to finding the evidence of territorial defense and how it is viewed in the case of drivers leaving a public space and the intruding drivers. 2. Technically, the research question is the same for the three studies as far as the exact thought of what the researchers would want to find out is concerned. In great detail, the researchers wished to see the picture of the entire information linked to territorial mentality of individuals particularly when it comes to the concept of space. For this reason, being consistent to use drivers as the common subjects of the three studies, gives us the insight that the proponents wer e able to obtain a general thought of answering a one specific research question for the entire research investigation that was subdivided under three studies. The three studies were able to adhere to finding how human behavior through territorial mentality of individuals may be highly associated with the concept of space. 3. ... The good thing about two of the studies is the inclusion of observation and actual experiment. The other one includes actual interview, which is a significant component of a qualitative research. In other words, the general phenomenon of interest in all of the studies is the actual inclusion of diversified methodological approach in obtaining particular data that could help solve the research question. 4. There were more than one methodologies used in the research studies in order to obtain the relevant information associated with answering the actual research question. This is methodological triangulation, by which the researchers were consistent in using due to the fact that at the end of every study, it would ensure answering their relevant research question. In other words, by being able to set the study with a particular research question to answer, the methodological triangulation conspires to create a path that will lead to finding the answer which is of great concern of the r esearchers. This means that even if there could be varying methodological approaches used, the ultimate concern would be to create actual input that will lead to finding answers set for the research question at the end of the study or actual research investigation. 5. I believe the study could be a perfect example of a qualitative research due to subjective judgment that may be employed by the researchers. Although there was an actual experiment conducted, the said activity would still require subjective judgment as far as gathering and documenting of data and information are concerned. In addition, the actual interview is a form of qualitative approach because the actual response could not be translated

Anxiolytic Properties of L- Theanine in Albino Rats

Anxiolytic Properties of L- Theanine in Albino Rats Lakshmi Girija, Kiruthika, Arvind, Zaved Ahmed khan ABSTRACT Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling of nervousness, uneasiness accompanied by stress for anticipated events. Stressful conditions can increase anxiety many folds showing physically noticeable symptoms and drastically affecting cognitive ability. Several anxiolytic drugs are in the market whose continuous consumption may lead to problems in the long run. It is reported that L-Theanine, anamino acid analogue that was discovered as a constituent ingreen tea, has anxiolytic abilities. As L-theanine is an analogue of glutamate and glutamine, it is absorbed in the small intestine after oral digestion. It can cross theblood–brain barrier, and thereby directly register pharmacological effects. As it is able to cross theblood–brain barrier, psychoactiveproperties are reported for theanine. Many studies have revealed about its potential ability to reduce mental and physical stress. It can give better cognition and improve mood and cognitive performance. Diazepam is acommercially ava ilable benzodiazepine drug, used to treat a wide range of conditions,   including anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, seizures etc. In this paper, the anxiolytic properties of L- theanine was studies in the albino rats taking diazepam as a positive drug for anxiety. Poly lactide nano particle encapsulate theanine was also tested to see if it could cross the blood brain barrier more rapidly to reduce anxiety. Theanine proved to be an efficient anxiolytic drug equivalent to diazepam as it improved the performances of anxiety induced rats to match with that of the rats that were non anxious. Keywords:Theanine, anxiety, Diazepam,stress. Introduction Nowadays anxiety or stress have became one of the common important problem faced by the world today. Owing to busy schedule and workloads people are not able to stay calm and so the demand for anti-anxiety drugs are gaining importance. Most commonly used drugs include alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam and oxazepam. But all these drugs are not safe in the long run and hence there is a need for a good alternative. L-theanine, an aminoacid analogue of proteogenicaminoacids, L- glutamate and L- glutamine has found to have certain anti- stress effect properties. It was discovered as a constituent of green tea. Since it has multiple roles in the central and autonomous nervous system, it is receiving more attention. It was found that administration of L- theanine increases the alpha brain activity, depicting that L-theanine could render an alert and relaxed state [1,2].It was also found that stress can be reduced by inhibiting cortical neuron excitation [3].Stress can raise the blood pressure thereby activating the nervous system for producing large amounts of vasoconstricting hormones that will elevate blood pressure [4,5], L-theanine was able to reduce the blood pressure Various studies in animals revealed that L-theanine had an effect on serotonin and dopamine concentrations in the brain, anxiolytic effect [6,7]. Kimura (2007) reported that intake of L- theanine have reduced heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin production. In hypertensive rats L-theanine have found role in reducing blood pressure [8,9].. Hence, it can be hypothesized that L-theanine attenuates the stress responses in the autonomic nervous system induced by both physically and psychologically stressful tasks. Diazepam is one of the common benzodiazepine drug used for reducing anxiety. It reacts with the chemicals in the brain that causes anxiety. It also used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. With other medications, diazepam is used to treat seizures. It helps to control symptoms of anxiety, so the people feel less agitated and less tense. It have sedative and an anticonvulsant properties. It can help relieve to muscle spasm. Diazepam should be used for the shortest period of time possible as it will cause tolerance, dependence and also sometimes withdrawal symptoms in some people. In this paper, the effect of theanine was tested in the albino mice taking diazepam as a positive drug for anxiety and then testing of theanine encapsulated with nanoparticle was done to check whether the drug crossed the blood brain barrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All animals used for this experiment were approved by the ethical committee for animals of VIT University. Animals subjects All rats used in the experiment were female albino Wistar from VIT animal house. The animals were in the age group of 6-8 months. The separated groups were kept in separate cages with 3 rats in each cage and were fed with food pellets and purified water from VIT animal house facility. All rats were healthy and free of any physical deformity or possible symptoms of any infection. The mean weights of the rats were 270  ±10 grams. Grouping of the rats for the experiment: The rats were divided into 5 groups with 3 rats per group for the experimental design. The details of the groups are as follows. Groups (Three rats/group) Induction of anxiety: Restrain stress model was used to induce anxiety into rats. All rats except the negative control group were induced with anxiety continuously for 5 days. The rats were locked and immobilised in the restrain stress chamber inside a silent dark room for 1 h each day for 5 consecutive days to induce anxiety. No animals were injured or handled harshly in the process. Each group of rats were subjected to the process at the same time each day and were then caged together in their respective group cages. Administration of drug: The drug was administered orally through eleven G syringe. Drug of 10 mg/ Kg of body weight was dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water and were fed orally to the rats. Tests performed: Open field test and elevated plus maze test was performed for each rat in every group for 3 consecutive days and the performance readings were recorded for each rat and represented separately in the group performance table to be compared with other groups to determine the relative anxiety levels of different groups in the experimental model. Open field test: The rats were introduced one at a time into the centre of the open field setup that consisted of 16 squares and a total accessible area of 1.6 sq m. The ambiance was maintained silent and was well lit with lights for ensuring visibility. Each rat was allowed to spend 10 mins inside the setup and the total number of square movements, fecal boli and rearings were recorded for the entire period of time spent inside the setup. Elevated plus maze test: The rats were introduced one at a time into the centre of the elevated plus maze setup elevated to 50 cm above ground that had an open arm of length 60 cm and a closed arm of length 60 cm with the total accessible area of 2.4 sq m. The ambiance was maintained silent and was well lit with lights for ensuring visibility. Each rat was allowed to spend 5 mins inside the setup and the total number of open arm entries, closed arm entries, total time spent in open arm and total time spent in closed arm were recorded for the entire period of time spent inside the setup. Results: The observations of the open field test and elevated plus maze test for all the groups of experimental rats are as follows. Group details Open field test: Parameters tested in open field test were No. of squares crossed No. of fecal boli No. of rearings Table 1 to 5 show the raw data of observation for the 5 groups for the open field test. Table1: Group I observation for OFT Table 2: Group II observations for OFT Table 3 : Group III observations for OFT Table 4: Group IV observations for OFT Table 5: Group V observations for OFT Determining the level of anxiety: Number of squares crossed: The mean value of squares crossed by the rats in each group is depicted in fig 1. As expected rats with no induced anxiety were able to show high movement by crossing a mean of 62.4 squares in 10 mins and rats induced with anxiety but not administered with any anxiolytic drug showed the least movement by crossing a mean of only 14.6 squares in 10 mins. The group administered with theanine as the anxiolytic drug out preformed as compared to the group administered with diazepam by crossing a mean of 48.4 squares in 10 mins showing reduced level of anxiety. The nano particle formulation does not show significant improvement in the performance as compared to theanine administered alone. Number of fecal boli: Fig 2. Shows the anxiety level of the different groups having fecal boli as the parameter for measuring anxiety. Maximum number of fecal boli was observed in group II where the rats were induced with anxiety but was not administered with any drug. Non anxiety induced rats in group I had the least number of fecal boli recording of 2. Theanine seems to be effective than diazepam in this test. Fecal boli is reduced by a mean of 0.11 as compared to the rats administered with diazepam. Nano formulation administered rats show increased fecal boli behaviour as compared to rats administered with diazepam or theanine. Number of rearings: Mean number of rearing behaviour for the 5 groups are shown in fig 3. Group I rats that were expected to show the least number of rearings showed rearing behaviour more than the test groups. Group II rats showed the maximum mean number of rearings fo 32.2 in 10 mins in the open field setup. Theanine and nano particle formulation of theanine reduced the rearing behaviour as compared to diazepam proving their efficiency as anxiolytic drug. The effect of normal drug and nano particle formulation were almost equal and nano formulation seems to show no improvement in crossing the blood brain barriers. These results from open field test confirms that the restrain stress model is effective in inducing anxiety in rats and the test drug theanine performs better than diazepam that is now being commertially used to treat anxiety. Elevated plus maze test: The parameters tested in the elevated plus maze test were No. of entries to open arm No. of entries to closed arm Time spent in open arm Time spent in closed arm Tables 6- 10 show the raw data collected for each group of rats in the elevated plus maze test. Table 6: Group I observations for elevated plus maze test Table 7: Group II observations for elevated plus maze test Table 8: Group III observations for elevated plus maze test Table 9: Group IV observations for elevated plus maze test Table 10: Group V observations for elevated plus maze test Number of open arm entries: Mean number of open arm entries by the 5 groups of rats in elevated plus maze test are depicted in fig4. Group I rats with no induced anxiety showed the maximum mean open arm entries of 13.4 times in 5 mins. The least number of open arm entries were observed in group II rats that were induced with anxiety but not administered with any drug. Diazepam was more effective in reducing the anxiety as the mean open arm entry for rats administered with it was 11.5 as compared to only 9.1 and 9.0 for rats administered with theanine and nano formulation of theanine respectively. Number of closed arm entries: The mean number of closed arm entries for the groups of rats are shown in fig 5. Number of closed arm entries were recorded maximum for group I rats without anxiety, these rats were very active in entering both the arms yet they spent most of the time in open arm chamber. Group II rats had least closed arm entries but they tend to spend more time without movement inside the closed arm showing high level of anxiety. Mean number of closed arm entries for the rats administered with diazepam was found to be 5.4 and the mean closed arm entries for rats administered with theanine and its nano formulation were found to be 6.1 and 3.4 respectively making the observations inconclusive without its correlation with the time spent in the closed arm for each group. Total time spent in open arm: The mean time spent in the open arm by each group of rats in the elevated plus maze setup is shown in fig 6. Rats belonging to group II that were induced with anxiety but were not administered with any drug spent the least time in open arm proving increased level of anxiety. Rats with induced anxiety and administered with diazepam, theanine or nano formulation of theanine spent mean time of 2.96, 2.7 and 2.93 mins in the open arm respectively. These are higher than 2.5 mins of time spent by group I rats that were not induced with anxiety. This proves that level of diazepam and theanine administered were able to reduce anxiety and also improve the performance of the test rats more than the control group in this test. Total time spent in closed arm: Mean time spent by different groups of rats in the closed arm of elevated plus maze setup is given in fig7. Group II rats spent the mean maximum time of 3.76 mins in the closed arm showing maximum level of anxiety as they were not administered with any anxiolytic drug. Rats administered with diazepam spent the least time in the closed arm that was about a mean value of 2.03 mins. Theanine and nano particle formulation of theanine showed no variation with respect to this parameter as both the groups administered with either one of the drug spent an equal mean time of 2.3 mins in the closed chamber. These values are lower than the time spent by the non anxious rats in group I thus making it clear that the amount of diazepam and theanine used have not only been anxiolytic but also have improved performances of the rats in the test. Relative time spent in open arm: Relative time spent in open arm for each group of rats with respect to non anxious rats were calculated and depicted in fig 8. Time spent by the non anxious rats in group I was taken to be 100 % and the time spent by the other groups were plotted relative to the group I rats. Relative time spent by the group2 rats with anxiety and no administered drug was lowest as expected. Rats administered with diazepam, theanine or its nano formulation showed 18 %, 8% and 17% high relative time respectively as compared to the non anxious rats used as control, showing the effectiveness of the drug against anxiety. Relative time spent in open arm: Relative time spent in closed arm for each group of rats with respect to non drug administered rats in group2 were calculated and depicted in fig 9. Time spent by the rats in group II that were induced with anxiety but not administered with any drug was taken to be 100% and the time spent by other groups were plotted relative to this. As expected all the other groups of rats showed lower relative time in the closed arm proving lower level of anxiety than the control group II. Rats administered with diazepam spent the least relativ

Starting a New Business Essays -- Setting Up a Business

Introduction As Regina Meyers contemplates opening a Satanic coffeehouse in her hometown, she must make a number of critical business decisions related to business organization, ownership, structure, and management. A number of her friends and family members have expressed interest in partnering with her or simply being involved. As Regina’s legal adviser, I have been asked to provide advice to her on a variety of topics outlined below. Business: Friends, Family, and Foes As an entrepreneur and business owner myself, I applaud Regina for taking the first steps towards establishing her business - a Satanic coffeehouse – while also respectfully providing advice based on some of my personal lessons learned. The first, and from my perspective the most important, decision Regina must make is related to the ownership structure of her business. While respecting that Ben, her husband, is willing to make a capital investment in the business but does not desire to participate in the operation and management, Regina needs to ensure that, as a married couple, they both understand and accept the responsibilities and risks involved with starting a business. From the information presented in the background notes, I am concerned that Ben’s pledge of a financial investment in the proposed company was from personally managed funds and not jointly-managed funds. If, indeed, the financial support pledged was from her husband’s personal funds, I would respectfully advise Regina against the accepting the investment as the marriage relationship would likely suffer by adding a non-union investor-investee financial relationship. With this noted, if Ben’s financial contribution is actually a confirmation supporting the use of their joint financial re... ...trieved from BCP Business Center: http://www.business.ftc.gov/documents/inv05-buying-franchise-consumer-guide Gaston Regional Chamber. (2013, December 2). Just starting out/business formation. Retrieved from Gaston Regional Chamber: http://gaston.toolsforbusiness.info/northcarolina/1b/formation/ North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State. (2013, December 2). Search for a corporation by name. Retrieved from Corporations Division: http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/searchresults.aspx?onlyactive=OFF&Words=STARTING&searchstr=The%20Gathering%20Place United States Patent and Trademark Office. (2013, December 2). Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS). Retrieved from United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp Wagner, E. (2013, September 12). Five reasons eight out of ten businesses fail. Forbes.com, p. 1.

Martin Luther King and Henry DavidThoreau Essay

However with different motives; Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau were both admirable men that strived for a better government. As respected spokesmen they served as rebels against what they thought to be bad one’s stopping at nothing. Not even jail. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. were both brilliant men. Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Obedience† and Dr. King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† are perfect examples of their intellect. Looking at these documents and observing the tactics they use while attempting to move their audience toward their ultimate goal, one can see the finesse that both men possessed. Thoreau and Dr. King lived during two different centuries. So being that they were vocalist and activist on the current issues it’s almost certain that they would have a different motive. Even though their motive was ‘poles apart’, differing in many ways, both Thoreau and Dr. King wrote with the aspiration of obtaining a new form of government presumably resembling the republican one we exercise today. Although awfully controversial, to do so both men felt nonverbal actions such as breaking the laws was the only effective way. In spite of the fact that it’s relatively ironic, they viewed going to jail in order to make a mockery of an immoral or impractical laws put in place by the government was â€Å"the very highest respect for law (King para. 5).†Henry David Thoreau motive for rebelling against the government was to make it more of a democratic one. He had no respect for the way it was being ran. His proclaimed problem basically summed up to be that he felt the government was being ran like a monarchy, or in other words by a selective few and not an entire society as it should. It simply wasn’t up to par according to his standards; for he stated this â€Å"I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government (para. 4).†Unlike Henry David Thoreau, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an African American during the times of segregation. This alone is a critical manipulating variable in the equation of why the two’s motive wasn’t the same. Dr. King was all about helping America move towards a desegregated future. He had zeal towards annihilating all unjust laws which he stated to be â€Å"a code inflicted upon a minority which that minority had no part in enacting or creating†¦ (para. 4),† but for the most part he had an overall respect for the government. In conclusion, it’s safe to say that other than race and motive Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. were pretty similar. They both were men of their own opinion that could be classified as moralized radicals. As spokesmen of their time they were both good at what they did. Through the form of speeches, protest, letters, and etcetera they both exemplified â€Å"Civil Disobedience (Thoreau). â€Å"Thoreau, Henry D. Civil Disobedience. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1849. 263-287. King Jr., Dr. Martin L. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail.† 16 Apr.-May 1963. Birmingham: Charles Moore, 1963. 1.

Distrigas Corporation Essay

Q1. As per the provided information the Gas Utility companies pays a base commodity charge of $. 3359 plus a peak usage demand of charge that is $4. 63 per Mcf multiplied by the total demand during the maximum take day in the last 12 months which is 240 in this case. The cost per MCF can be derived by the below formula (Commodity Base Charge * Total Demand) + (Peak Usage Demand Charge* High Peak in 1 day* months in year) This will translate into ($ 0. 3359*30,700,000 Mcf)+ ($ 4. 63*240*12) = $ 23,646,530 By substituting the appropriate values in the formula we arrive at a cost of $ 23,646,530. This cost is then divided by the total demand over 12 months of 30. 7 Bcfor 30,700,000 Mcf to arrive at an average cost per Mcf of $ 0. 7702 which is a 125% increase over the base charge $ 0. 3359. Similarly in a scenario where the peak demand is equal to the average demand of 84109. 59 Mcf we arrive at an average cost per Mcf of $ 0. 4881 which is a 45% increase over the base charge of $ 0. 3359. Q2. In order to determine the excess amount of gas that had to be bought from Distrigas we made an assumption that the demand was not normally distributed and in order to normalize it we removed the deviation of 18. 66 from the average of the independent demands over the three months to arrive at a normalized value of 178 (rounded off). The assumption is that the gas Utility companies will buy gas from Distrigas only if the demand goes aboce 178. Following this methodology the gas utility company will need to purchase 1801 MMcf from Distrigas to fulfill the peak demand. Filtering days that had excess demand we arrived at 74 days that required the Utility gas company to purchase gas from distrigas. The first phase of that purchase has to be from December 7th to 25th January and the second phase of the purchase should be from 5th February to 28th of February. The annual cost of the policy is attained by the total excess demand ( 1801 MMcf) multiplied by the cost per MMcf of $ 1660 to arrive at a cost of $ 2,989,660. By taking the average of the two cost per Mcf from question 1 we know that the cost per Mcf for regular gas supply is $ 0. 63. The amount of regular gas supply is derived by reducing the Distrigas excess demand gas supply from the total annual demand. These numbers are then used to arrive at a total cost of $ 25,248,978. 26 which results in a savings of $ 252,140 over using pipeline gas. Q. 3 Utility gains from the competitive price rate offered by Distrigas Corporation of $1. 66 per MCF when compared with the pipeline emergency gas rate of $1. 80 per MCG, which makes Distrigas price rate substantially cheaper than the pipeline gas rates. Utility is charged an excessive penalty for going above their planned gas volume by the gas providers. We can evidence this by simply comparing the prices during the peak demand, which is actually more than the average demand with the peak demand being the average demand. Calculating the Cost of Gas: Cost of Gas = (Base Commodity Charge)*(Total demand) + (12)*(4. 63)*(Peak 1 day demand) (Shown in table 1 Annual Cost Analysis) It should be an easy decision for utility to use Distrigas as its emergency gas provider when daily volume of the gas exceeds 178 MMCF (derived after taking the average of the demands for the three months and then normalized the demand variation by taking the Standard Deviation). With the given demand forecast numbers; utility will end up buying 1801MMCF of gas from Distrigas. We thought that using the concept of location pooling from risk pooling strategy would best suit this case study. We backed on this strategy because the objective of the risk pooling strategy is to redesign the supply chain and to either reduce the uncertainty the firm or to hedge uncertainty so that the firm is in a better position to lessen the consequence of uncertainty. This will convert into cheaper end consumer pricing. Location pooling is best suited for single product as it can be used to decrease the inventory while holding service constant, or increase service while holding inventory cost, or a combination of inventory reduction and service increase. However, the proposal A for Distrigas would cost only $29,376,000, or savings of $252,140. The annual cost of Distrigas policy is $21,172,397. 19. Distrigas strategy should be to maximize on its competitive rate and endeavor itself as a cost leader, promising speed delivery, reliability and meeting the right quantity when needed the most, all at most cost efficient rate possible. To be cost efficient it needs to operate economically such as storing the right amount of gas needed. It has to improve on its storage and deliver the gas in the best cost efficient using the right mode of transportation possible. The biggest threat could be when consumers like Boston Gas decide to build their own storage facilities and therefore start sourcing directly from the pipeline-gas providers, to be stored for usage during peak season. Q4. Proposal A: Slow Build up Strategy – In this proposal infrastructure will be built and machinery and trucks purchased to allow Distrigas to slowly build up inventories at the customer location. This strategy includes building a satellite tank which will serve as a reserve for the gas that is brought in by Alozean. It takes 250 days to build up inventories to satisfy peak demand. This model requires 6 trucks to carry the gas over the 250 day period. Field tanks will need to be built at the customer location in order to hold the gas that will service the peak demand and this will cost $ 25. 1 Million. This is one of the disadvantages of this strategy. The upside is that only 6 trucks are needed to operate on this strategy. Implementation of this strategy requires a total capital investment of $ 29. 376 Million and yields positive cash flows of . 325 (because of annual depreciation charges and tax rate of 50%) which shows that the project at a cost of capital of 9% has a Net Present Cost of $ – 26. 33 Million. Proposal B: Quick Build up Strategy – In this proposal peak demand for the Utility companies will be built by quickly sending gas to the companies based on peak season demand forecasts. This strategy will require 128 trucks to fulfill demand within a 10 day period.

African-American heritage Essays

African-American heritage Essays African-American heritage Essay African-American heritage Essay The two main characters are brothers of African-American heritage. The story of conflict is about how they come to know and understand each other. Sonnys older brother is 7 years his senior, and is the parental figure for Sonny, the older brother having made a promise to their dying mum that he would protect and parent Sonny. However, at the beginning of the story the brothers have been estranged for over a year, due to neither accepting the others values, goals and lifestyle. The older brother has a stable life and is married with children; he has become a responsible citizen as a school teacher. He has assimilated; whereas Sonny is a heroin addict jazz musician living a Bohemian life representative of the no good black.This is the 1950s in New York before the Civil Rights Movement when segregation was still practiced. The emphasis on jazz music through the story reflects the conflict between the brothers.Jazz music at the time was also dividing the African-A merican community in much the same way as the brothers were divided in approaches to life. The middle-class African-Americans is the group which the older brother falls into, they tended to downplay obvious barriers to their social successes (such as becoming a school teacher). The older brother, life many of the middle-class African-Americans at the time, wanted to believe that they could achieve high social status and standards of living, and was confident that hard work, sacrifice and perseverance would create a better and safer world for their children. This group of middle class African-Americans, like the older brother, were ready and willing to assimilate into white society fully, if they could be but given the chance. In sharp contrast, Sonny and African-Americans like him at the time (poor, unemployed, musicians and addicts) confront the status quo instead of accepting it. They perceive the struggle of the African-American to be an ongoing struggle of inequality and unaccep tance.Sonny and his cohorts sought radical social change to believe that they could ever enter access the opportunities and privileges of the white society. This divide between the brothers is highlighted when the older brother says to Sonny, Well, Sonny, you know people cant always do exactly what they want to do. Such as statement indicates the older brothers cautious and accountable way of approaching life; he willingly sacrifices his own wants and desires to that he can maintain his standing as a member of the middle-class. The older brother is worried for Sonny, he is afraid that Sonny will ultimately fail because he lacks ambition, perseverance and self-sacrifice. In response to his brother Sonny states, No, I dont know that. I think people ought to do what they want to do, what else are they alive for? This reveals Sonnys unacceptance of other people setting his goals and standards of success.Another time the brothers are watching a street musician and sonny is deeply moved b ey her ability, recognizing the deep pain experiences she must of experienced to sing as she does. Sonny is receptive to the pain of others and is transformed by it, drawing on it for his art. However, the older brother does not empathize at all with the singer or Sonnys interpretation of her music. It also contributes to the conflict between the brothers that the story is set around a war and the part the USA has to play in it. At this time, many African-Americans were seeking to prove their value and equality to their white cohorts. Volunteering to go to war however meant ongoing frustration of not obtaining their goal to prove their Americaness and of wanting to assimilate, which in turn have contributed to the brothers feelings of dissatisfaction and alienation.Eventually, by the end of the story the older brother is able to understand why Sonny is the person he is, and why he himself is the person he is. He reflects on the students in his algebra class and the poor circumstance s that they live in. He realises that these kids may not have the opportunities that he did, and that drugs and music can be a way to work through the pain for them. In trying to comprehend his brothers drug use and lifestyle the older brother questioned a friend of Sonnys who is an addict, Tell me, why does he want to die?   He must want to die, hes killing himself, why does he want to die? The friend surprises the older brother by stating thatHe dont want to die. He wants to live. Dont nobody want to die, ever. The conflict between the brothers resolves when the older brother realizes that Sonny does not want to live by anothers definition of what makes a meaningful life. He sees discrimination as a barrier to freedom and equates this with death. Hence, living the white way (right way) is living as a ghost dead.To deal with this living death, to navigate his life, Sonny (and others like him) use drugs, music and other arts to escape social death. The conflicts within the story for Sonny and his older brother (middle-class/bohemia; acceptable job/musician; sibling/parental; drug use/responsible, white/black) serve to highlight what it is that is of true value. And what makes freedom true. Sonny and his cohorts conflict with what freedom is not (handcuffed to regulations, standards and authority; segregation; inequality; profit; consumption).The multi-layer of conflict presents a real-world scenario of searching for meaning and purpose in life. Notably, Baldwin was a street preacher for many years, and his storyline reflects this influence in the conflicts between this pseudo parent-child dyad with the two brothers. Myths and legends involving two brothers are numerous and patterned around conflict; in the west the most prominent being Cain murdering Able. Across cultures, sibling conflict between brothers has been used to deliver moral messages of action and consequence, and a way of value to lead ones life. Perhaps the use of siblings in Baldwins story is to emphasize the personal nature of the conflict/s; the brothers then representing two parts of the self. Yin and yang (black and white) polarities are needed to create tension (conflict) which has gradients of resolution and disintegration (the brothers find understanding/WWII).By the end his brother realises that it is through his music of bebop jazz and blues that Sonny channels and works through his pain.They have been estranged for over a year and he reads about a drug raid in which Sonny is arrested. Through his anger the brother comes to understand his brother better. Following release form prison the older brother continues the protective role and takes Sonny into his home. He is fulfilling a promise to his mum to look after Sonny following her death. His ongoing relationship with Sonny has been fragile and intermittent. He misunderstands and mistrusts his brothers need for music, especially as it is so related to Sonnys heroin addiction which is only barely under control.

Hollywoods Influence in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hollywoods Influence in the Middle East - Essay Example Hollywood films in particular continue to remain a popular form of entertainment worldwide. Hollywood relies on best standards of production and animation techniques while dishing out the films. The fan-following of Hollywood stars spans far beyond the American boundaries. Middle East is certainly no exception. Though the region of Middle East has long been in the mainline media for all the wrong reasons, and at times, the acrimony towards West has found its place in an opposition towards Hollywood movies as well. But the fact that the craze for Hollywood never diminished, indicates towards the quality and Hollywood movies. At times film critics also accuse some of the latest films of depicting excessive violence in the films, thus affecting the tender minds of the film watchers. Some part of the Middle East in particular has had the misfortune of remaining under violence for the last couple of decades. Therefore, depiction of such violence on the screen invites the accusation of glorifying the violent methods. But it is equally true that filmmakers too want to 'sell' thei r products, and they'll try all legal means to market their movies in the best possible manner. Being contemporary in their depiction of the society is one such tried and tested method. Hollywood filmmakers are known to be obsessive researchers as well. They study a set of circumstances, situations and analyze the situation to arrive at some conclusion. At times this kind of inquisitive research leads to interesting findings as well. For example, Hollywood film director James Cameron stumbled upon the idea of making a film on a tomb found near Jerusalem in 1980 uncovered by Israeli construction workers. During the research, James Cameron came to the conclusion1 that the tomb actually belonged to Jesus and his family. This has generated a healthy debate amongst the historians and archeologists, and the final word is yet to come. Leon Trotsky (1973), a key figure in the famous Bolshevik revolution in Russia once said that cinema is a weapon, which cries out to be used (pp 32). This observation underlines the importance that films in general and Hollywood in the society. Though the Middle Eastern culture and society has not traditionally been as open as some of the Western nations, but the influence of western culture brought in by the films is quite perceptible. Be it the use of modern equipment, fancy cars, rugged bikes or the relationship amongst young people, the western influence is quite clear. Hollywood movies have certainly helped in shaping the attitude of the masses in general towards such things. Today we are living in an era of consumerism and globalization. Companies and organizations try their best to influence the buying behavior of the consumers. Globalization has resulted in bringing the world community closer to each other. This has resulted in some sort of uniformity in the marketing communi cation efforts as well. One of the major areas in marketing is consumer behavior. Middle East has traditionally been known as a potential market with most of the oil rich countries having good amount of money to spend on essential consumer items and other luxuries. Teams of marketing people from Western nations try out all avenues to reach the potential customer. Hollywood movies are one such very potent element in this marketing strategy. When the screen displays all the features of a product, the movie watchers tend to think about it, and as soon as they find it in the

Causes of Increase in Oil Prices in Last 36 Months Essay

Causes of Increase in Oil Prices in Last 36 Months - Essay Example Such circumstances encouraged speculators to adopt measures that would ensure they made sufficient money to meet future demand. Oil traders have started placing premiums on the prices of crude oil on the basis of instability and uncertainty in the Middle East, which has the largest oil reserves in the world. Moreover, the increasing internal disturbances in countries such as Libya, Iraq and Tunisia as well as the potential threats pertaining to disruption of crude oil production and transportation in this region and in Africa, have led to increase in oil prices. In view of these circumstances, speculators started bidding higher for oil, which again raised prices across the world. Governments of several oil producing countries have not been adopting efficient management practices that have adversely impacted the performance of the oil industry in these countries. For instance, oil producing nations such as Venezuela have been channeling their oil revenues into domestic politicking in order to continue holding on to power. The oil industry in Venezuela and other countries in the Caribbean region have been nationalized and are used by the respective governments to meet their political objectives. Revenues from the oil industry are used to finance social projects and to subsidize gasoline to citizens. Oil revenues are substantially misappropriated in meeting the costs of political agendas, which reduces oil available in the market and thus there is increase in prices. The PDVSA is the only oil company in Venezuela that is having complete stake in the country’s oil functions. In being owned by the state, its management complies with state mandates irrespective of the fact that the company’s long term revenues and profitability suffer a setback. These governments try to make more money out of the oil business by quoting oil prices at very high levels. In African countries such as Nigeria, the increasing activities of rebels and terrorists have deterred investors from investing in the oil industry (Flower, 2010). Such circumstances deprive the sector from employing advanced technology because of which high production levels cannot be achieved and the resultant short supply leads to higher prices. Increasing use of industrial and automobile equipments, especially in developing countries, has led to increased demand for oil. The law of demand and supply provides that the price of any commodity will increase if its demand increases at any given supply level. In view of political and economic circumstances oil producers are not increasing supply of oil adequately in keeping up with increasing demand. It is thus natural that oil prices will increase. In the last few years, the evolving patterns of industrialization and use of vehicles has led to advancement of production processes, which have led to increase in demand for oil. The global demand for crude oil is increasing steadily, particularly in India and China that are undergoing rap id industrialization and development processes (Gupta, 2005). The economies of China and India are slated to grow the maximum in the coming future and they have already started consuming much higher levels of oil in meeting their energy requirements. Increasing per capita incomes in China and India have considerably increased the demand for automobiles and more and more people now own their own cars (Reynolds, 2005). In view of the huge middle class in these two countries, which are the most populated countries in the world, it is apparent that the demand for oil will also increase substantially. The US is no longer the biggest oil consumer and cannot dominate the oil industry by demanding preferential oil prices for

Business strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business strategies - Assignment Example Kohl’s Corporation is regarded to be a rapidly growing department store chain in the United States which offers apparel, valuable accessories for women, men and children, footwear and home furnishing products to its customers. It has been apparent that the corporation generated an amount of revenue in excess of US$13 billion in the year 2006. It performs its business and operational functions in several states of the US. The objective of the corporation is to achieve leadership position in the business market in the US (The New York Times Company). Thesis Statement This paper intends to identify the external trends in order to deal with the changing lifestyle and shopping experience of the consumers. Moreover, the kinds of external information which is required for the corporation to make effective decisions will be taken into consideration. Finally, the significant opportunities as well as the threats of Kohl which can be drawn from the case will also be addressed in the disc ussion. Discussion Question 1 According to the case, it has been viewed that Kohl adopted significant business strategies due to changing lifestyle, fashion and shopping experience of the customers. ... case, the strategic manager of Kohl has to deal with the changing lifestyle and the shopping experience of the customers with the motive of improving its profitability along with accomplishing superior competitive position over its chief business market competitors. In this context, the strategic managers of the corporation would have to identify the target market in order to deal with the aforementioned aspects. It can be pointed out that the primary target market of the corporation were mostly the women aged in between 25 years to 54 years. The other external trends which are important for the strategic managers of Kohl to consider include the price as well as the quality of the products and convenient location of the stores (Coulter 103-104). To keep track of the changing lifestyle and shopping experience of the customers, the business managers of Kohl may visit the location of its different retail outlets that are situated in different states of the US. This particular activity w ould support the corporation to analyze the business trends and preferences of the consumers. Moreover, it is necessary for the strategic managers of Kohl to conduct marketing research within its business market segment in order to maintain the track of the changes. By conducting the market research, the strategic managers of Kohl would be able to obtain frequent feedback from regular customers about their overall shopping experience. By conducting such research, the corporation would be able to analyze the purchasing behavior along with the shopping experiences of the customers at large (Kohl's Illinois, Inc). Discussion Question 2 There are several types of valuable external information which can assist a strategic business manager of an organisation to make significant business

Aims and Objectives for Teaching and Learning Essay Example for Free

Aims and Objectives for Teaching and Learning Essay The successful teacher is the armed teacher. Lessons’ plans and repertoire of activities are our arms. In order to achieve genuine communication in the classroom, every lesson should be wisely planned and perfectly provided having balanced variety of activities. The teacher of ESOL must manage the class involving all the students all the time to make them active learners. First of all, the teacher is to create a comfortable atmosphere in the classroom according to TESOL general principles. They are: 1. â€Å"Look after your students. 2. Be a caring person. 3. Raise students\ self-esteem. 4. Give deserved praise. 5. Be yourself.† Every lesson should start with friendly chatting with students in a natural way to give them the opportunity to act in real life and to show them the teacher interest. E.g. Ask them about last weekend at the week beginning. It is absolutely important to pronounce the students names correctly. When having difficulties, we may involve the students in learning their names asking them to explain the name meaning and to correct our pronunciation. Paying attention to every student is a clue to a genuine communication. So, we are to look at all the students in the class. The caring teacher moves around the class as a ‘prowling lion’ to make the students feel encouraged, and changes their focus at the moment the subject of learning is changing. E.g. When talking about nature, move to the window and ask some student to describe the sky, another student to talk about the trees behind the window, and so on. We must care about the seating model of the classroom. Facing with standard rows we need to rearrange the furniture to circle or semi-circle/horseshoe to create the most comfortable communication. If rearranging is impossible the teacher may ask the students to walk around the class to find partners for pair/group work. Also, we can make groups asking one pair to turn round to another pair when seating in rows. We may see the separate tables for groups in some schools. This model is also appropriate as allows the teacher to move around the class prompting and explaining something to the table groups. The furniture arrangement may be dynamic, changing every lesson according to the activities. As to a groupwork, it is one of the best techniques of involving the students into communication. The preferred number of students for the group is five to have the opportunity to of major view because of an odd number. The group of five students is big enough to participate in communicative activities (e.g. role-plays, information/opinion gaps and collaborative work), and small enough for effective interaction. However, we may divide the students into smaller or bigger groups, pairs, and teams according to the activities. When organizing a pairwork/groupwork we should take into account some aspects: †¢ friendship. People in the group are to be pleasant to each other. We can make it clear asking the students to write the confidential lists of their preferences and dislikes; †¢ nationality. Teaching multi-lingual classes we shouldn’t put into groups the students of the same nationality to avoid the using of the mother tongue. †¢ streaming. Weak and strong students are to be mixed in pairs and groups to make cooperative work to be effective and helpful. †¢ gender and status. According to some contexts, we can’t put men and women into one group. Also, teaching business English, we should know the status of our students to be sure in the appropriateness of putting people together. We must always remember about L.T.T.T. as we want to achieve genuine communication. The more students speak, the more they learn how to do it. So, we should decrease our talking to increase the talking of our students. E.g. Explaining the grammar involve the students asking them for their examples of the point. Using the white/black board we must write clearly. It’s possible to print something if keeping a board in order is difficult. The white/black board is quite appropriate instrument for various activities as table filling, games, errors’ correction, etc. Encouragement is the cornerstone of communication in class. ‘No!† may discourage everyone. That’s why we should use the more kind intonation as ‘No, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Frequent use of ‘good’ is also appropriate, as in ‘Good, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Giving a puzzled expression to encourage a student to reformulate the sentence is good practice to keep high level of motivation to communicate. Grammar terminology needs to be minimized as it possible. Bur the teacher must know the grammar to keep the credibility. Encouraging students to learn English outside the classroom develops their receptive and productive skills. As for extensive listening, we can find various authentic materials on the Internet. E.g. news reports, radio podcasts, TEFL listening materials, TV shows, songs, etc. To develop the extensive reading we can build up a library of suitable books in our SAC. We can create the website to involve students in writing their blogs for informal communication. And we can go outside the classroom for speaking in an informal environment. Agency gives students the opportunity to make some decisions about the learning process and keeps them encouraged. Learning journals brings much sense helping the students to communicate freely and creating the dialogue between teacher and student. Questions are very popular in a communicative approach. But we should remember some rules: †¢ don’t address the question to keep the attention; †¢ use ‘wait time’ to encourage; †¢ don’t ask students in fixed order, be unpredictable; †¢ ask everyone equally. Two types of questions, i.e. closed and open-ended, help to activate students’ mind in various ways. The open question is appropriate for the lesson starting to focus the students’ attention on the topic. To manage the students successfully we must differentiate their work according to the abilities by task, by support, or my homework. We must be armed at all points to manage interruptions. For example, to have extra copies of textbooks, pencils, and rubbers in the case they may be forgotten; don’t wait for coming-late people; give an extra explanation for lost-on-point students; deal with personal problems outside class time. To help students to process information we should use a VAK presentation that allows different types of learners to accept the point using their best way, i.e visual, auditory or kinesthetic. Creating the successful classroom let us avoid the problem behavior of the students. Engaged and successful students with raised self-esteem have no t ime and purpose to behave badly.